Fatal Shootings by ICE and Border Patrol Agents Under the Second Trump Administration

Details

Since the start of the second Trump administration in January 2025, at least eleven people have been fatally shot in incidents involving Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) or Customs and Border Protection (CBP/Border Patrol) agents. The killings stretch from the first day of the term—a shootout on the Vermont border on January 20, 2025—through the July 13, 2026 shooting of Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero during a traffic stop in Biddeford, Maine, the second fatal ICE shooting in less than a week. About seven of the eleven were people shot during immigration operations or border encounters who were not using deadly force against agents, three of them U.S. citizens; the remainder comprise three cases in which the person fired on or rammed agents first and one shooting by an off-duty officer. Across the enforcement killings, a consistent template recurs—a disputed claim that the driver "weaponized" a vehicle, an absence of body-camera footage, video or witnesses that later contradict the official account, and evidence withheld from state and local investigators—and several of those killed were later confirmed not to have been the target of the operation that killed them. The two most consequential cases, the Minneapolis killings of U.S. citizens Renee Good and Alex Pretti, are treated in full in their own dedicated entries; deaths in ICE custody (medical neglect, suicide, and the like) are a distinct and larger category, tracked separately in the mass-deportation entry.

How the count works

Reported totals vary across outlets—8, 9, and 11 all appear—because news organizations differ on which incidents to include. The differences are not sloppiness; they reflect a genuine question about what "killed by ICE" means. This tracker uses the inclusive figure of eleven fatal shootings involving agents since January 20, 2025, but sorts them into three categories so the number is not misleading:

• Enforcement killings (7). People shot by agents during immigration stops, operations, or border encounters who were not using deadly force against the agents. This is the core of the pattern that has drawn national and international condemnation: Ruben Ray Martinez, Silverio Villegas González, Isaias Sanchez Barboza, Renee Good, Alex Pretti, Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, and Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero.
• Aggressor / shootout cases (3). People who fired at or rammed agents first, and were killed when agents returned fire: Felix Bauckholt, Ryan Louis Mosqueda, and James Douglas McMillan. These are legitimately "fatal shootings involving agents," but they are categorically different from an agent killing an unarmed or fleeing person.
• Off-duty agent (1). Keith Porter Jr., shot by an off-duty ICE officer in a neighborhood dispute unrelated to any immigration enforcement action.

A narrower count of "agents killing people who posed no deadly threat" yields about seven; a still-narrower count focused only on high-profile enforcement shootings of clearly innocent people yields the figures near eight or nine that some outlets use. Three of the eleven were U.S. citizens. Within the September 2025–July 2026 window that first drew sustained national attention, there were eight fatal shootings (cases 4–11 below). Multiple trackers confirm there was no fatal agent shooting between late January and early March 2026, and none between March 4 and July 7, 2026.

Summary table

#	Person	Date	Location	Agency	Who they were	Category
1	Felix Bauckholt	Jan 20, 2025	Coventry, VT	CBP	German national; fired on agents	Aggressor / shootout
2	Ruben Ray Martinez	Mar 15, 2025	South Padre Island, TX	HSI / ICE	23, U.S. citizen	Enforcement killing
3	Ryan Louis Mosqueda	Jul 7, 2025	McAllen, TX	CBP	Michigan man; attacked BP annex	Aggressor / shootout
4	Silverio Villegas González	Sep 12, 2025	Franklin Park, IL	ICE	38, Mexican, undocumented; line cook	Enforcement killing
5	Isaias Sanchez Barboza	Dec 11, 2025	Starr County, TX	CBP	31, Mexican national	Enforcement killing (border)
6	Keith Porter Jr.	Dec 31, 2025	Northridge (Los Angeles), CA	Off-duty ICE agent	43, father of two	Off-duty agent
7	Renee Good	Jan 7, 2026	Minneapolis, MN	ICE	37, U.S. citizen, mother/poet	Enforcement killing
8	Alex Pretti	Jan 24, 2026	Minneapolis, MN	CBP	37, U.S. citizen, ICU nurse	Enforcement killing
9	James Douglas McMillan	Mar 4, 2026	Sierra Blanca, TX	CBP	Wisconsin man; fired at agents	Aggressor / shootout
10	Lorenzo Salgado Araujo	Jul 7, 2026	Houston, TX	ICE	52, Mexican; not the target	Enforcement killing
11	Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero	Jul 13, 2026	Biddeford, ME	ICE	26, Colombian; not the target	Enforcement killing

Enforcement killings

These seven cases—people shot by agents during immigration operations or border encounters who were not using deadly force against agents—form the core of the documented pattern.

Ruben Ray Martinez (March 15, 2025 — South Padre Island, Texas)

Ruben Ray Martinez, a 23-year-old U.S. citizen, was fatally shot by a Homeland Security Investigations agent during a stop on South Padre Island, Texas, on March 15, 2025. Agents claimed Martinez "bumped" an officer with his vehicle, but camera footage did not clearly show a strike, and a grand jury declined to indict the agent. The case is notable for how long it stayed hidden: the killing was not publicly disclosed until April 2026, more than a year later, when records surfaced and lawmakers demanded an investigation. His mother spoke publicly after the disclosure. Martinez is the earliest of the three U.S. citizens killed and, chronologically, precedes the Chicago killing often described as the "first" of the campaign.

Silverio Villegas González (September 12, 2025 — Franklin Park, Illinois)

Silverio Villegas González, a 38-year-old undocumented Mexican immigrant and restaurant line cook who had lived in the Chicago area for nearly two decades, was fatally shot by an ICE officer during a vehicle stop in Franklin Park, Illinois, on the morning of September 12, 2025—about a week into "Operation Midway Blitz," the ICE surge in the Chicago area. He had just dropped his children at school. He was unarmed and had no criminal record; DHS alleged "a history of reckless driving," but records showed only minor traffic violations. He is the first person killed during Operation Midway Blitz. (He is often called the "first fatal shooting of the second-term deportation campaign," but that is inaccurate at the national level: Ruben Ray Martinez, a U.S. citizen, had been killed six months earlier, and other shooting deaths preceded the Chicago operation.)

The central dispute is the government's "dragging" claim. DHS said Villegas González "drove his car at law enforcement officers," that an officer "was hit by the car and dragged a significant distance" and seriously injured, and that the officer fired "fearing for his own life." But according to body-camera audio reported by the Chicago Sun-Times, the agent told local police he had been "dragged a little bit," had only "a left knee injury and some lacerations," and described his injuries as "nothing major." Surveillance footage from a nearby nail salon, reviewed by Human Rights Watch, shows officers on either side of the car as it reverses and moves forward; HRW concluded it is "unclear why the ICE officer moves with the vehicle or whether he is being dragged." Governor JB Pritzker noted the gap: the body-cam showed injuries "in the agent's own words, 'nothing major.' A man is dead."

The Cook County Medical Examiner ruled the death a homicide: a single bullet entered the back of his neck and lodged in his chest, fired at close range. No agent has been charged. The FBI is the lead federal investigator but has released no findings; the Illinois State Police opened a state investigation in May 2026, though the Cook County State's Attorney cited federal-agent immunity as a barrier to state prosecution, and a judge rejected a petition for a special prosecutor on May 21, 2026. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum condemned the killing; by mid-2026 Mexico was preparing criminal complaints over the deaths of its citizens in U.S. enforcement operations. The operation during which he was killed is covered in a separate entry, ICE Launches Operation Midway Blitz in Chicago.

Isaias Sanchez Barboza (December 11, 2025 — Starr County, Texas)

Isaias Sanchez Barboza, a 31-year-old Mexican citizen, was shot at least three times by a Border Patrol agent on December 11, 2025, after agents approached a group on the Rio Grande riverbank roughly six miles west of the Rio Grande City port of entry in Starr County, Texas. CBP's incident report described an "active struggle" of about two minutes before the agent opened fire. Agents performed CPR; he died at a hospital. The agent was not publicly identified, no video has surfaced, and the shooting was under investigation. It is the one border-encounter case among the enforcement killings, and the least documented, given its remote location.

Renee Good (January 7, 2026 — Minneapolis, Minnesota) — U.S. citizen

Renee Nicole Good, a 37-year-old U.S. citizen, mother of three, and poet, was fatally shot by ICE agent Jonathan Ross in her SUV during "Operation Metro Surge," a 2,000-agent operation in the Minneapolis–St. Paul area. She had dropped her son at school and was driving home when she encountered agents; local police said there was "nothing to indicate that this woman was the target of any law enforcement investigation." DHS called it "an act of domestic terrorism," claiming Good "weaponized her vehicle" and ran over an officer who fired in self-defense. A detailed New York Times video analysis found no indication Ross was run over—showing "a visible gap between the vehicle and his legs" as he fired from beside and behind the vehicle while it turned away.

The aftermath became a major political crisis: FBI Director Kash Patel and senior DOJ officials were reported to have shut down the civil rights inquiry and pressured investigators to recast Good as a suspect in an assault-on-a-federal-officer case (a judge rejected the reframed warrant because she was dead); an FBI supervisor and more than thirteen federal prosecutors resigned; polling showed a majority of Americans considered the shooting unjustified; and the backlash helped force out DHS Secretary Kristi Noem. As of mid-2026, Ross had been briefly placed on leave, quietly reassigned, and returned to active duty, with no charges filed.

Full detail: see the dedicated entry, ICE Agent Fatally Shoots U.S. Citizen Renee Good in Minneapolis.

Alex Pretti (January 24, 2026 — Minneapolis, Minnesota) — U.S. citizen

Alex Jeffrey Pretti, a 37-year-old U.S. citizen and ICU nurse at the Minneapolis VA hospital, was shot approximately ten times over five seconds by Border Patrol agents on January 24, 2026—seventeen days after Good's death and less than two miles away, the third federal shooting in Minneapolis in under a month. Pretti, a lawful gun owner with a Minnesota carry permit and no criminal record, had been filming agents and stepped between an agent and a woman who had been pushed down. Frame-by-frame video analysis by The Wall Street Journal showed an agent pulling Pretti's handgun away while he was pinned face-down, with another agent opening fire less than a second later. DHS nonetheless claimed he "approached" officers with a 9mm handgun and again invoked "domestic terrorism"—a characterization Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche himself later conceded was "a far cry from the legal definition." The killing drew condemnation from gun-rights groups across the political spectrum. Federal officials blocked Minnesota investigators from the scene.

Full detail: see the dedicated entry, Border Patrol Agents Killed Alex Pretti, an American Citizen and ICU Nurse, in Minneapolis.

Lorenzo Salgado Araujo (July 7, 2026 — Houston, Texas)

Around 6:50 a.m. on July 7, 2026, an ICE agent shot Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, a 52-year-old Mexican immigrant who had lived in the U.S. for roughly 35 years and had no criminal record, during a traffic stop in a residential Houston neighborhood. He was driving three coworkers, including his younger brother, to a construction site. The New York Times reported—and a DHS spokeswoman confirmed—that Salgado Araujo was not the intended target: agents were looking for two other people and stopped his white van because someone in it "resembled the target." ICE claimed he "weaponized his vehicle" and tried to run over an agent, but the Times noted no video or other evidence for that claim emerged, and an attorney for the passengers said "at no point did they use the van to ram into the ICE agents." The agents wore no body cameras. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum called the death a homicide and human rights violation, and Mexico said it planned legal action. As in Minneapolis, the FBI framed its investigation around an alleged assault on the officer, and by July 13 the Harris County District Attorney complained that federal officials were withholding critical information, including the identities of the agents.

Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero (July 13, 2026 — Biddeford, Maine)

Around 7:00 a.m. on July 13, 2026, an ICE officer fatally shot Johan Sebastián Durán Guerrero, a 26-year-old Colombian man, during an attempted vehicle stop at Hill and Pool streets in a residential part of Biddeford, Maine. It was the second fatal ICE shooting in less than a week, coming six days after the Houston killing. Four to five shots were fired as Durán tried to drive away; the officers wore no body cameras. His partner and young daughter witnessed the aftermath.

The government's account shifted and weakened on inspection. DHS's initial written statement alleged only that the vehicle "attempted to flee the scene" and that the officer fired "fearing for public safety"—it did not allege that Durán tried to hit or ram agents. The "weaponized the vehicle" claim surfaced afterward and verbally, when DHS Secretary Markwayne Mullin told Senator Angus King that Durán had "tried to use his vehicle as a weapon." Mullin also conceded that the arrest warrant being served was for someone else, and Maine officials confirmed Durán was not the intended target. A witness reported hearing Durán say "I tried to stop," and security footage showed the car moving at "modest speed" in "slow circles." Immigrant-advocacy groups said Durán had work authorization and a Social Security number, disputing DHS's "illegal alien with a final order of removal" framing.

On July 16, the Associated Press identified the officer as David Brouillette, a 37-year-old Army veteran, and reported—drawing on interviews with several of his close relatives and hundreds of family-court records—that he had a long history of serious mental illness and violent behavior that, those relatives said, should have disqualified him from carrying a badge and gun. They said Brouillette was diagnosed with severe bipolar disorder and attention-deficit disorder as a child, attempted suicide twice at age 12, and was hospitalized repeatedly; military recruiters initially rejected him over those diagnoses but, a relative said, told him to go off his medications for a year and reapply, after which he enlisted. He served in the Army National Guard and then the regular Army as a human intelligence collector, deployed to Afghanistan in 2012–13, and left as a sergeant in 2015, before a string of jobs that included work as a police officer at a Veterans Affairs medical center. Relatives alleged a pattern of domestic abuse—an ex-wife said he once threw boiling water at her while she held their child, and court filings by a second ex-wife accused him of physically and verbally abusing his daughters—and one shared a voicemail from the previous winter in which he said the women in her family should have their throats cut. Three relatives who spoke with him after the shooting, including an ex-wife and a daughter, said he told them the shooting was justified because the driver had tried to run him over, and that he was in protective custody. ICE declined to confirm his identity, saying it would "never confirm or deny attempts to dox our law enforcement officers" and that the officer had "nearly a decade of federal law enforcement experience" and use-of-force training. The disclosures sharpened questions about how thoroughly DHS was vetting recruits amid its rapid ICE hiring surge.

The killing produced a forceful bipartisan reaction. Maine's full congressional delegation—Republican Senator Susan Collins, independent Senator Angus King, and Democratic Representatives Chellie Pingree and Jared Golden—jointly demanded an investigation from the DHS Inspector General. Governor Janet Mills wrote that the violence "has to end" and warned that absent reform it was time to "abolish" ICE, calling for a ban on agents wearing masks, mandatory identification, body cameras, and court warrants. Colombian President Gustavo Petro characterized the shooting as murder. (Reporting has varied on Durán's age—the Associated Press and Bangor Daily News give 25, while the Boston Globe, PBS, and others give 26—and his name has also appeared as "Joan Sebastian Guerrero.")

Aggressor / shootout cases

These three deaths involved people who shot at or rammed agents first. They are included in the inclusive count of eleven, but they are categorically different from the enforcement killings above—in one, a federal agent was also killed.

Felix Bauckholt (January 20, 2025 — Coventry, Vermont)

Felix Bauckholt, a German national, was killed by Border Patrol agents in a shootout on Interstate 91 near the Canadian border on January 20, 2025—the first day of the second Trump term. Border Patrol Agent David Maland was killed in the same exchange; Bauckholt's companion, Teresa Youngblut, was charged with murder and pleaded not guilty. Bauckholt was killed by agents but was among the armed party that opened fire, which is why "innocent civilian" counts exclude this case. A later court filing challenged aspects of law enforcement's version of events.

Ryan Louis Mosqueda (July 7, 2025 — McAllen, Texas)

Ryan Louis Mosqueda, a Michigan man, drove to the Border Patrol annex in McAllen, Texas, on July 7, 2025, and fired dozens of rounds at the building. One officer was injured; agents and police returned fire and killed him. He was the attacker, and is included only in the most inclusive tallies of "shootings involving agents."

James Douglas McMillan (March 4, 2026 — Sierra Blanca, Texas)

James Douglas McMillan, a Wisconsin man driving a car reported stolen from Arizona, fled the Interstate 10 Border Patrol checkpoint at Sierra Blanca, Texas, on March 4, 2026, shot at officers, and barricaded himself; agents returned fire and killed him. This was the only fatal agent shooting in the February–June 2026 window, and, like the other aggressor cases, involved a person who fired first.

Off-duty agent shooting

Keith Porter Jr. (December 31, 2025 — Northridge, Los Angeles, California)

Keith Porter Jr., 43, a father of two, was shot on New Year's Eve 2025 by an off-duty ICE officer—identified in court documents as Brian Palacios—who lived in the same Northridge apartment complex. DHS said Porter pointed what looked like a rifle at the officer after being ordered to drop it; the family says the gunfire was celebratory New Year's shooting, not aimed at anyone. This case is included in some tallies (and in the Wikipedia list, part of how the count reaches eleven), but it was not an immigration enforcement operation—an off-duty agent in a neighborhood dispute—and is qualitatively different from every other case here. The LAPD was pressed to fully investigate.

Recurring patterns across the enforcement killings

Reporting by The New York Times, which counted more than twenty people shot at by immigration agents since September 2025 (nearly all in their cars, some fatally), and by NBC News and others, identifies a consistent template across the enforcement shootings:

The government's first account almost always asserts a vehicle-based lethal threat—the driver "weaponized" the car, tried to run over an agent, or dragged an officer. In case after case (Good, Villegas González, Salgado Araujo, and initially Durán), later-surfacing video, security footage, forensic analysis, or the government's own admissions have undercut or failed to support that claim. The agents involved were repeatedly not wearing body cameras, an evidentiary gap that recurs from Minneapolis to Houston to Biddeford. When investigations open, the FBI has framed them around an alleged assault on a federal officer—casting the dead person as the suspect—rather than the agent's use of force, and the Justice Department's civil rights apparatus has largely declined to investigate. Federal officials have withheld evidence from state and local investigators (blocking the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension in the Good and Pretti cases; withholding officer identities in Houston). And in at least three cases—Salgado Araujo, Durán, and, per the disclosed records, others—the person killed was not the target of the operation.

The DOJ's own use-of-force policy bars firing at a moving vehicle unless a person inside threatens deadly force by means other than the vehicle, or the vehicle threatens death "and no other objectively reasonable means of defense appear to exist, which includes moving out of the path of the vehicle." As conservative former DOJ official David French wrote of the Minneapolis videos, "Bullets, after all, do not stop cars. They kill drivers and render the car rudderless, not immobile."

Policy response: a short-lived suspension of vehicle stops

The Houston and Biddeford killings, six days apart, prompted a rare operational retreat—immediately reversed from the top. On July 14, 2026, Trump administration officials directed ICE to suspend most vehicle stops, according to people familiar with the decision; the suspension was not absolute, leaving room for exceptions when executing a criminal warrant or working with partner agencies, and Republican Senator Susan Collins had urged a halt to non-urgent stops. The order mattered because nearly all of the enforcement shootings—more than twenty people shot at since September 2025, by the Times' count—occurred during vehicle stops.

The pause lasted barely a day. On July 15, President Trump publicly opposed it on social media, calling vehicle stops one of ICE's "most important and effective" crime-fighting tools and warning that ending them would be "playing right into the criminal's hands"; CNN reported that a "furious" Trump moved to overturn the suspension amid criticism from his base. DHS Secretary Markwayne Mullin's subsequent statement did not confirm whether the stops would resume, leaving the policy's status unresolved even as the administration signaled the tactic would continue.

A note on counting and sources

This tracker reconciles to eleven fatal shootings involving ICE/CBP agents from January 20, 2025 through July 13, 2026, corroborated across the Wikipedia list of the killings, the Southern Border Communities Coalition CBP-death tracker, the NBC News running list, and timeline pieces from click2houston, the Texas Tribune, and PBS. Different outlets publish 8, 9, or 11 depending on whether they include the aggressor cases, the off-duty shooting, and border-crossing encounters. The narrower "enforcement killing" figure of seven used here reflects agents killing people who were not attacking them. This entry will be updated as investigations proceed and as any further shootings are documented.

Related entries

• ICE Agent Fatally Shoots U.S. Citizen Renee Good in Minneapolis (2026-01-07) — full account of the Good killing and its fallout.
• Border Patrol Agents Killed Alex Pretti, an American Citizen and ICU Nurse, in Minneapolis (2026-01-24) — full account of the Pretti killing.
• Trump Administration's Mass Deportation Campaign Reshapes Labor Markets and Communities (2026-05-04) — includes the separate tally of deaths in ICE custody (detention deaths), a distinct category from the field shootings tracked here.
• ICE Launches Operation Midway Blitz in Chicago (2025-09-08) — the operation during which Villegas González was killed.
• Federal Immigration Agents Misused Crowd-Control Weapons Against Protesters, Blinding and Injuring Hundreds (2026-07-14) — the non-lethal-force companion to this tracker: injuries from tear gas, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and pepper balls.